{"title":"Particle Physics","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe smallest explorations sometimes yield the biggest discoveries. Particle physics represents humanity's effort to understand the universe on the atomic scale.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"particle-accelerator","title":"Particle Accelerator Fragment","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is a section of the cooling coils, seen here in yellow, of the beam-steering magnets of the Aladdin electron storage ring, a synchrotron particle accelerator. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFrom the 1980s until 2014, this machine produced synchrotron radiation for physics experiments.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSynchrotron radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is produced when charged particles, such as electrons, are accelerated to near-light speeds and then forced to change direction by a magnetic field. This phenomenon occurs within particle accelerators, where electrons are propelled through a vacuum tube and directed around a circular or elliptical track using powerful electromagnets. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAs these high-energy particles bend along the accelerator’s magnetic trajectory, they emit synchrotron radiation across a broad spectrum, ranging from infrared to X-rays. The intensity and versatility of synchrotron radiation make it an invaluable tool for a wide range of scientific and medical research, enabling detailed studies of materials, biological structures, and chemical processes. By providing a powerful and highly controllable source of electromagnetic radiation, synchrotrons facilitate groundbreaking investigations into the fundamental properties of matter and the universe. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Stemcell Science Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47656964686109,"sku":"PA-3957","price":68.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0059\/0158\/2449\/files\/particle-accelerator-fragment-pa-3957-383850.jpg?v=1733809660"},{"product_id":"particle-accelerator-beam-steering-magnet","title":"Particle Accelerator Beam Steering Magnet - Aladdin Synchrotron","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis is one of four beam-steering magnets from the renowned Aladdin electron storage ring, a synchrotron particle accelerator. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFrom the 1980s until 2014, this machine produced synchrotron radiation for high-energy physics experiments. Aladdin was housed at the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), located in Stoughton, Wisconsin and operated by the University of Wisconsin–Madison.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis device was instrumental in particle physics and high-energy research and discoveries for over 3 decades. \u003c\/span\u003eWe disassembled one of these magnets for our Matter science box \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/stemcell.eco\/products\/particle-accelerator\"\u003esubscribers\u003c\/a\u003e. We are planning to donating another to a science museum. And you can own the final magnet of this historic machine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFor a devoted collector of scientific artifacts, the final magnet from this esteemed machine would make a remarkable addition to any display.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e18.25 x 12 x 6.25\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 110lb \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFree Shipping \u003c\/strong\u003eon this item via insured freight in wooden crate. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhat is Synchrotron Radiation\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSynchrotron radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is produced when charged particles, such as electrons, are accelerated to near-light speeds and then forced to change direction by a magnetic field. This phenomenon occurs within particle accelerators, where electrons are propelled through a vacuum tube and directed around a circular or elliptical track using powerful electromagnets. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAs these high-energy particles bend along the accelerator’s magnetic trajectory, they emit synchrotron radiation across a broad spectrum, ranging from infrared to X-rays. The intensity and versatility of synchrotron radiation make it an invaluable tool for a wide range of scientific and medical research, enabling detailed studies of materials, biological structures, and chemical processes. By providing a powerful and highly controllable source of electromagnetic radiation, synchrotrons facilitate groundbreaking investigations into the fundamental properties of matter and the universe.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Stemcell Science Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48345607995677,"sku":"PA-4024","price":15550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0059\/0158\/2449\/files\/particle-accelerator-beam-steering-magnet-pa-4024-440802.jpg?v=1759459143"},{"product_id":"cern-tape-lhc","title":"LHC Data Tape Fragment","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLarge Hadron Collider (LHC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is the world’s most powerful particle accelerator, located at \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCERN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e in Geneva, Switzerland. Featuring a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e27-kilometer ring of superconducting magnets\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, the LHC accelerates protons to nearly the speed of light and collides them at \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eunprecedented energies\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. These collisions recreate conditions similar to those just after the Big Bang, allowing scientists to probe the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003efundamental forces and particles of the universe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIn 2015, the LHC achieved collisions at \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e13 tera-electronvolts (TeV)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, leading to groundbreaking discoveries, including key insights into the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eproperties of the Higgs boson\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003esection of data tape\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, created by CERN, contains a record of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eparticle interactions and decay patterns\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e observed during these high-energy collisions. Researchers use this data to explore phenomena such as:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e•\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQuark-gluon plasma\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e•\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDark matter candidates\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e•\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eExotic particles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e predicted by theoretical physics.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Stemcell Science Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":49301783118109,"sku":"CE-4327","price":39.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0059\/0158\/2449\/files\/lhc-data-tape-ce-4327-732902.jpg?v=1733809576"},{"product_id":"lhc-superconductor-cable","title":"LHC Superconductor Cable","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthentic Piece of the World's Most Ambitious Scientific Project\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOwn a rare and extraordinary piece of scientific history — an actual section of \u003cstrong\u003esuperconducting cable\u003c\/strong\u003e used in the \u003cstrong\u003eLarge Hadron Collider (LHC)\u003c\/strong\u003e, the largest and most complex machine ever built. Sourced directly from \u003cstrong\u003eCERN\u003c\/strong\u003e and used during the original operation phase of the LHC, this artifact represents the cutting edge of human achievement in physics and engineering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Genuine Particle Physics Relic\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is not a replica. This is a \u003cstrong\u003egenuine segment of superconducting cable\u003c\/strong\u003e from the LHC's magnet system — the lifeblood of the collider's high-energy particle beams. In over a decade of science artifact collecting, we've \u003cstrong\u003enever before encountered a component of the LHC made available to private collectors\u003c\/strong\u003e. This is a \u003cstrong\u003eonce-in-a-lifetime opportunity\u003c\/strong\u003e. A \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e is included. Perfect for science museums, physics departments, private collectors, or anyone who truly has everything.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Cable\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cable was part of the original LHC infrastructure, used for approximately \u003cstrong\u003efive years\u003c\/strong\u003e before being replaced during the \u003cstrong\u003eLong Shutdown 1 (2013–2015)\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LHC’s magnets must operate at cryogenic temperatures near absolute zero (−271.3°C or 1.9 K) to become superconductive. These niobium-titanium cables were engineered to carry \u003cstrong\u003eextremely high currents\u003c\/strong\u003e with \u003cstrong\u003ezero electrical resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e, enabling the magnetic fields required to steer protons at nearly the speed of light.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTechnical Highlights:\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComposed of \u003cstrong\u003e36 twisted strands\u003c\/strong\u003e, roll-formed into a keystone-shaped cross section (15.1 mm wide, 1.48 mm average thickness)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEach strand contains \u003cstrong\u003e6,426 filaments\u003c\/strong\u003e of \u003cstrong\u003eniobium-titanium (NbTi)\u003c\/strong\u003e superconducting alloy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFilaments are \u003cstrong\u003e6 micrometers\u003c\/strong\u003e in diameter — 10× thinner than a human hair\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEach filament is embedded in a high-purity \u003cstrong\u003eoxygen-free copper matrix\u003c\/strong\u003e for stability and current sharing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA 0.0005 mm copper layer surrounds each filament for additional conductivity and protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total filament length in the LHC's cables adds up to more than \u003cstrong\u003e150 million kilometers\u003c\/strong\u003e — enough to stretch \u003cstrong\u003efive times to the Sun and back\u003c\/strong\u003e, with some left over to visit the Moon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis artifact comes encased in a \u003cstrong\u003emuseum-grade, handcrafted oak display box\u003c\/strong\u003e, built to both protect and showcase the artifact. The box features:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid oak construction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePadded interior for secure storage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass viewing lid\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDual locking mechanism for added protection\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout the Large Hadron Collider\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eLarge Hadron Collider\u003c\/strong\u003e is the most powerful particle accelerator ever constructed. It was designed and built by \u003cstrong\u003eCERN\u003c\/strong\u003e, with global collaboration involving over 10,000 scientists from more than 100 countries. The collider’s 27 km (17 mi) ring lies beneath the France–Switzerland border, where it accelerates protons to near light-speed and collides them to study the fundamental nature of matter and the universe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe LHC has contributed to monumental discoveries, most famously the \u003cstrong\u003eHiggs boson\u003c\/strong\u003e in 2012, confirming decades of theoretical physics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFurther Reading \u0026amp; Documentation:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/home.cern\/science\/engineering\/superconductivity\"\u003eCERN: Superconductivity\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/lhc-machine-outreach.web.cern.ch\/components\/cable.htm\"\u003eLHC Cable Details\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cds.cern.ch\/record\/729430\/files\/lhc-project-report-694.pdf\"\u003eLHC Project Report 694 (PDF)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.lhc-closer.es\/taking_a_closer_look_at_lhc\/0.superconducting_cables\"\u003eLHC Closer Look: Superconducting Cables\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(All images, technical diagrams, and reference content © CERN)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Stemcell Science Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50012655976733,"sku":"LH-4639","price":39000.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0059\/0158\/2449\/files\/IMG_5793.jpg?v=1748993254"},{"product_id":"fermilab-bubble-chamber-experiment-photo-artifact","title":"Fermilab Bubble Chamber Particle Collision Photo","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFragments of the Universe: Inside Fermilab's 15-Foot Bubble Chamber\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis frame of photographic film captures a rare glimpse of exotic subatomic processes that were unleashed within Fermilab’s legendary 15-Foot Bubble Chamber. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBuilt in the early 1970s, this colossal detector was a marvel of particle physics, filled with liquid hydrogen (at -253°C, only 20 degrees above 0 Kelvin), poised on the edge of boiling by displacement of a giant piston in 1\/60th of a second, which superheated the entire 380 thousand liters of fluid. Right at this moment, a beam of neutrinos, at relativistic energies near the speed of light, was directed into the chamber where some collided with the hydrogen nuclei. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEach wisp represents the trajectory of a charged subatomic particle, marked by bubbles that formed where the energetic particle had ripped electrons off hydrogen atoms, creating a string of ions, each becoming a nucleating point for a bubble to form. The liquid-to-gas phase transition is a natural amplifier, allowing the atomic-level events of ionization to become a macroscopic bubble, visible to a camera, and revealing the presence of the trajectories. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe chamber was also subjected to an intense magnetic field, forcing the charged particles into curved paths that further revealed their speed and charge (+ or -). The images of these collisions thus allowed physicists to reconstruct what happened and what new exotic matter was created, and develop insights into the fundamental forces that govern matter, revealing the behaviors and interactions of quarks, charged leptons, and neutrinos, with astonishing clarity. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis photographic frame is an actual data point used in an experimental analysis, a preserved moment of discovery, and a visual testament to humanity’s creativity in pursuit of understanding the deepest mysteries of the universe. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBonus: This film not only has images of matter, the anti-spirals are actually antimatter! \u003cem\u003eOther than cosmic ray muons, the most abundant antimatter on earth comes from beta + decay from potassium K40. Fun fact: A 3 Oz container of Morton Salt Substitute (KCl) would emit about 1 positron per minute.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIncludes one original photo in an acrylic display, plus info card \u0026amp; certificate of authenticity. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMore photos coming soon!\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Stemcell Science Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50055764377885,"sku":"FE-4679","price":58.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0059\/0158\/2449\/files\/IMG_6023.jpg?v=1761686684"}],"url":"https:\/\/stemcell.eco\/collections\/particle-physics.oembed","provider":"Stemcell Science Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}