{"product_id":"enhanced-oil-recovery-secondary-and-tertiary-methods","title":"Enhanced Oil Recovery, Secondary and Tertiary Methods","description":"\u003cp\u003eEnhanced Oil Recovery Secondary and Tertiary Methods edited by M.M. Schumacher 1978\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis volume is a technical compilation focused on enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods, developed to extract additional petroleum beyond what primary production techniques can recover. Published during a period of energy insecurity and rising demand, the book reflects efforts to extend the productivity of existing oil fields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe text explains secondary recovery methods, such as water flooding and gas injection, which maintain reservoir pressure and improve oil displacement. It then moves into tertiary (enhanced) recovery techniques, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal methods (e.g., steam injection, in-situ combustion)\u003cbr\u003eChemical methods (e.g., surfactants, polymers)\u003cbr\u003eMiscible gas injection (e.g., CO₂ or hydrocarbons)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese techniques are analyzed in terms of reservoir conditions, fluid behavior, and engineering design, with case studies illustrating field applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a historical standpoint, the book documents how the petroleum industry sought to maximize extraction efficiency during a time when oil supply concerns were prominent. However, from a modern climate-conscious perspective, EOR represents an extension of fossil fuel dependence, as these methods enable the continued production of hydrocarbons that would otherwise remain underground.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany of the processes described—particularly thermal methods—are energy-intensive and can significantly increase the carbon footprint per barrel of oil produced. While some later adaptations of EOR (such as CO₂ injection) have been explored for carbon management, their primary historical role was to enhance oil output rather than reduce emissions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Stemcell Science Shop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51038639784221,"sku":"EN-4966","price":15.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0059\/0158\/2449\/files\/IMG_6869.jpg?v=1776184052","url":"https:\/\/stemcell.eco\/products\/enhanced-oil-recovery-secondary-and-tertiary-methods","provider":"Stemcell Science Shop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}